Izixhobo zokusika zanamhlanje ziye zaye zafumana ngaphezulu kweminyaka eli-100 yembali yophuhliso evela kwi-Carbon Scute kwinsimbi yesixhobo esiphakamileyo sensimbi,I-caride ye-carbide, Isixhobo seCeramickwayeIzixhobo zeSuper. Kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane ye-18, isixhobo sentsusa sentsusa yayisisixhobo se-carbon sensi. Kungenxa yokuba ngelo xesha yayisetyenziswa njengeyona nto inzima inokuthi ifakwe kwizixhobo zokusika. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yeqondo lobushushu elixhaphake kakhulu (ngezantsi kwe-200 ° C), isixhobo sekharbon steels sinengxaki yokuba semngciphekweni xa usike isantya esiphezulu, kwaye uluhlu olusikiweyo lulinganiselwe. Ke ngoko, sijonge phambili kwizixhobo zesixhobo ezinokunqunyulwa ngesantya esiphezulu. Umxholo ovela ukubonisa olu ulindelo sisinyithi esiphakamileyo.
Intsimbi ehamba ngesantya esiphezulu, ekwabizwa ngokuba yintsimbi engaphambili, yaphuhliswa ziingcali zeAmerican ngo-1898. Ayiko kangako ukuba iqulethe i-carbon encinci kune-carbon kunentsimbi ye-carbon, kodwa loo nto yongezwa. Ngenxa yendima ye-carbide ye-tungsten, ubunzima bayo abuncitshiswa phantsi kweemeko zobushushu obuphezulu, kwaye ngenxa yokuba inokunqunyulwa kakhulu kunesantya esisikiweyo sensimbi yentsimbi yentsimbi, ibizwa ngokuba yintsimbi yesantya esiphezulu. Ukusukela ngo-1900 ~ -1920, intsimbi enesikhafu esiphezulu kunye ne-dadium kunye ne-cobabalt ivele, kwaye ukumelana nobushushu kwandiswa ukuya kwi-500 ° C. Isantya sokusika sentsimbi sifikelela kwi-30 ~ 40m / imiz ezandisiweyo malunga namaxesha ama-6. Ukusukela ngoko, kunye nokupheliswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, i-tungsten kunye ne-molybdenum yenziwe iziqwengana zesantya esiphezulu. Isekwa kwaphela kude kube ngoku. Ukuvela kwensimbi yesantya esiphezulu kubangele a
Utshintsho ekunciphiseni ukuqhubekeka, ukuphucula kakhulu imveliso yokusika intsimbi, kwaye ufuna utshintsho olupheleleyo kwisakhiwo sesixhobo somatshini ukuze siziqhelanise neemfuno zomsebenzi wesixhobo esincinci. Ukuvela kunye nophuhliso olungaphezulu lwezixhobo ezintsha zomatshini, nazo, ziye zakhokelela kuphuhliso lwezixhobo ezingcono zezixhobo, kwaye izixhobo zikhutshiwe kwaye ziphuhlisiwe. Phantsi kweemeko zetekhnoloji yezemveliso entsha, izixhobo zentsimbi ezihamba ngesantya esiphezulu nazo zinengxaki yokunciphisa umda wesixhobo ngenxa yokusika ubushushu xa usike ngesantya esiphezulu. Xa isantya esisikiweyo sifikelela kwi-700 ° C, intsimbi ehamba ngesantya esiphezulu
Icebiso ligcwele ngokupheleleyo, kwaye kwisantya esisikiweyo ngaphezulu kweli xabiso, akunakwenzeka ngokupheleleyo ukusika. Ngenxa yoko, izixhobo zesixhobo se-carbide ezigcina ubunzima obaneleyo phantsi kweemeko zobushushu ezinqumlayo ezinqumlayo kunangaphambili zivele kwaye zinokusikwa kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu okusika.
Izinto ezithambileyo zinokusikwa ngezinto ezilukhuni, kwaye ukwenzela ukusika izinto ezilukhuni, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezinzima kunaye. Eyona nto inzima emhlabeni okwangoku yidayimane. Nangona iidayimani zemvelo kudala zifunyenwe kwindalo, kwaye banembali ende yokusebenzisa njengezixhobo zokusika, iidayimani ze-Synthetic ziye zaguqulelwa ngempumelelo emva kwenkulungwane yama-20, kodwa i-DAIME YENYANISO YENKULUMBUSO YOKUGQIBELA YENZAIzixhobo zeShishini zokuCwangciswaisengumbandela wamashumi eminyaka akutshanje.
Kwelinye icala, ngokuphuhliswa kwetekhnoloji yendawo ye-aerospace ye-Aerospace, ukusetyenziswa kwezinto zobugcisa zanamhlanje kuya kuba ngakumbi nangakumbi, nangona isidima esiphakamileyo sentsimbi, kwayeIzixhobo zeCeramic ezintshaUkusikwa kwemveliso yemveli yokusebenza, isantya sokusika kunye nokusika imveliso ephindwe kabini okanye xa usebenzisa izixhobo zokusebenza, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kunzima ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezibukhali nezinganyangekiyo.
Kwelinye icala, kunye nophuhliso olukhawulezileyo lwale mihlaUkuveliswa koomatshinikunye neshishini lokuqhubekeka, ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezibanzi zomatshini, ukulawula kwamanani (CNC), kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kokuqhubekeka, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwezixhobo ezingxamisekileyo zenziwe ukuba zinezixhobo ezihlala zininzi nezizinzileyo. Kule meko, izixhobo zedayimani ziye zaphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, uphuhliso lweIzixhobo zesixhobo sedayimaniikhuthaziwe kakhulu.
Izixhobo zesixhobo sedayimaniYiba nothotho lwepropathi egqwesileyo, ngokuchaneka okuphezulu, ukusika ngokukhawuleza kunye nobomi benkonzo. Umzekelo, ukusetyenziswa kwephepha (i-Polycrystalline ye-Disvisine yeDayimane) Unokuqinisekisa ukulungiswa kwamashumi amawaka amawaka eendawo ze-lalicon alloy piston Alton Alton Alton Alton Alton Alton Alton Alton Alton Alton Alton Alton Alton Alton Alten Alton Alton Alton Alton Altep Piston Alt; I-Matearing Alumnum Spars ene-commax enkulu ye-diameter-diameter ingafikelela kwisantya esiyi-3660m / imiz; Oku akunakuthelekiswa nanto kwizixhobo ze-carbide.
Ayisiyiyo kuphela, ukusetyenziswa kweIzixhobo zesixhobo sedayimaniUnokwandisa ibala lokuqhubekisa kwaye utshintshe itekhnoloji yokuqhubela phambili ngokwesiko. Kwixa elidlulileyo, ukuqhubekisa isipili kungasebenzisa kuphela inkqubo yokugaya kunye nokuguqula, kodwa ngoku kungekuphela kwezixhobo zedayimani zedayimani, kodwa nakwizixhobo ezithile zedayimani, kodwa nakwizinye iimeko zinokusetyenziswa izixhobo ezinobunzima be-PRDC, ukufezekisa ukugaya endaweni yokugaya. Ngesicelo seIzixhobo ezinzima, Ezinye iikhonsepthi ezintsha ziye zavela kwicandelo lomatshini, njengokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ze-PDC, isantya esiguquliweyo asisesixhobo kodwa sisixhobo somatshini, nokuba isixhobo sesantyaso sigqibile. Iziphumo zale mibono ikhutshiwe iphakame kwaye ibonelela ngamathemba angenamkhawulo kumzi mveliso womatshini wale mihla.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: UNv-02-2022
