Izixhobo zanamhlanje zokusika ziye zafumana iminyaka engaphezu kwe-100 yembali yophuhliso ukusuka kwisixhobo sekhabhoni sentsimbi ukuya kwintsimbi yesixhobo esinesantya esiphezulu,i-carbide enesamente, isixhobo se-ceramickwayeizixhobo superhard isixhobo. Kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane ye-18, izixhobo zokuqala zesixhobo zaziyintsimbi ye-carbon. Ngenxa yokuba ngelo xesha yayisetyenziswa njengeyona nto inzima kakhulu eyayinomatshini wokusika izixhobo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokushisa okuphantsi kakhulu kokushisa (ngaphantsi kwe-200 ° C), izixhobo ze-carbon tool steels zinenzuzo yokuba ngokukhawuleza kwaye ziphelile ngokupheleleyo ngenxa yokusika ukushisa xa usika ngesantya esiphezulu, kwaye uluhlu lokusika lulinganiselwe. Ke ngoko, sijonge phambili kwizinto zesixhobo ezinokunqunyulwa ngesantya esiphezulu. Izinto ezibonakalayo ezibonisa oku kulindelekileyo yintsimbi yesantya esiphezulu.
Insimbi enesantya esiphezulu, eyaziwa ngokuba yintsimbi yangaphambili, yaphuhliswa zizazinzulu zaseMelika ngo-1898. Akunjalo kakhulu ukuba iqulethe i-carbon encinci kune-carbon tool steel, kodwa loo tungsten yongezwa. Ngenxa yendima ye-tungsten carbide enzima, ubunzima bayo abuncitshiswanga phantsi kweemeko eziphezulu zokushisa, kwaye ngenxa yokuba inokunqunyulwa ngesantya esiphezulu kakhulu kunesantya sokusika i-carbon tool steel, ibizwa ngokuba yintsimbi ephezulu. Ukususela ngo-1900 ~-1920, intsimbi enesantya esiphezulu kunye ne-vanadium kunye ne-cobalt yavela, kwaye ukuxhathisa ukushisa kwayo kwanda ukuya kwi-500 ~ 600 ° C. Isantya sokusika isinyithi sifikelela kwi-30 ~ 40m / min, eyonyuswa phantse ngamaxesha angama-6. Ukusukela ngoko, ngokulandelelana kwezinto eziyinxalenye yayo, i-tungsten kunye ne-molybdenum i-high-speed steels yenziwe. Isasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kude kube ngoku. Ukuvela kwentsimbi enesantya esiphezulu kubangele a
i-revolution kwi-cutting processing, iphucula kakhulu imveliso yokusika isinyithi, kwaye ifuna utshintsho olupheleleyo kwisakhiwo sesixhobo somatshini ukulungelelanisa iimfuno zokusebenza kokusika kwesi sixhobo esitsha. Ukuvela kunye nophuhliso olongezelelweyo lwezixhobo ezintsha zoomatshini, kwakhona, luye lwakhokelela ekuphuhliseni izixhobo ezingcono zesixhobo, kwaye izixhobo ziye zakhuthazwa kwaye zaphuhliswa. Ngaphantsi kweemeko zeteknoloji entsha yokuvelisa, izixhobo zetsimbi ezikhawulezayo nazo zinengxaki yokunciphisa ukuqina kwesixhobo ngenxa yokusika ukushisa xa usika ngesantya esiphezulu. Xa isantya sokusika sifikelela kwi-700 ° C, intsimbi ephezulu
i-tip ibuthuntu ngokupheleleyo, kwaye ngesantya sokusika ngaphezu kweli xabiso, akunakwenzeka ngokupheleleyo ukusika. Ngenxa yoko, izixhobo zesixhobo se-carbide ezigcina ubunzima obaneleyo phantsi kweemeko eziphakamileyo zokusika ukushisa kunokuba zivele ngasentla kwaye zinokunqunyulwa kumaqondo aphezulu okushisa.
Izinto ezithambileyo zinokunqunyulwa ngezinto ezinzima, kwaye ukuze unqande izinto ezinzima, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa izinto ezinzima kunayo. Eyona nto inzima eMhlabeni okwangoku yidayimane. Nangona iidayimani zendalo kudala zifunyenwe kwindalo, kwaye zinembali ende yokuzisebenzisa njengezixhobo zokusika, iidayimani zokwenziwa ziye zadityaniswa ngempumelelo kwangethuba 50s ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, kodwa ukusetyenziswa yokwenyani idayimani ukwenza ngokubanzi.izixhobo zokusika izixhobo zamashishiniisengumbandela wamashumi eminyaka akutshanje.
Kwelinye icala, ngophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yala maxesha kunye neteknoloji ye-aerospace, ukusetyenziswa kwezinto zobunjineli bale mihla kuya kusanda ngakumbi nangakumbi, nangona intsimbi ephuculweyo enesantya esiphezulu, i-carbide enesamente, kunyeizixhobo ezintsha ze-ceramic izixhoboEkusikeni izixhobo zokusebenza zemveli, isantya sokusika kunye nokusika imveliso iphindwe kabini okanye amaxesha amaninzi inyukile, kodwa xa isetyenziselwa ukusetyenzwa kwezi zinto zingasentla, ukuqina kwesixhobo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokusika kusephantsi kakhulu, kwaye umgangatho wokusika unzima. ukuqinisekisa, ngamanye amaxesha nokuba awukwazi ukusetyenzwa, imfuneko yokusebenzisa izixhobo ezibukhali nezinganyangekiyo.
Kwelinye icala, kunye nophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwale mihlaukwenziwa koomatshinikunye neshishini lokucubungula, usetyenziso olubanzi lwezixhobo zoomatshini ezizenzekelayo, amaziko omatshini olawulo lwamanani ekhompyuter (CNC), kunye neeworkshops ezingenabantu, ukuze kuphuculwe ngakumbi ukuchaneka kokusebenza, ukunciphisa ixesha lokutshintsha isixhobo, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle, iimfuno ezingxamisekileyo ngakumbi nangakumbi. yenziwe ukuba ibe nezixhobo zesixhobo ezihlala ixesha elide kwaye zizinzile. Kule meko, izixhobo zedayimane ziye zaphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, uphuhliso lweizixhobo zedayimani isixhobonayo yakhuthazwa kakhulu.
Izixhobo zesixhobo sedayimaniube nothotho lweepropati ezigqwesileyo, ngokuchaneka okuphezulu kokusebenza, isantya sokusika ngokukhawuleza kunye nobomi benkonzo ende. Ngokomzekelo, ukusetyenziswa kweCompax (i-polycrystalline diamond composite sheet) izixhobo zinokuqinisekisa ukuqhutyelwa kwamashumi amawaka e-silicon aluminium alloy piston parts ring kunye neengcebiso zabo zesixhobo azitshintshi; I-Aluminiyam ye-Aluminiyam i-spars ene-Compax enkulu-diameter-diameter cutters inokufikelela kwisantya sokusika ukuya kwi-3660m / min; Ezi azinakuthelekiswa nezixhobo ze-carbide.
Akunjalo kuphela, ukusetyenziswa kweizixhobo zedayimani isixhoboinokwandisa intsimi yokucubungula kwaye itshintshe iteknoloji yokucubungula yendabuko. Ngaphambili, ukusetyenzwa kwesipili kunokusebenzisa kuphela inkqubo yokusila kunye nokupholisha, kodwa ngoku kungekuphela nje izixhobo zedayimani zekristale enye yendalo, kodwa kwezinye iimeko zinokusetyenziswa izixhobo ezidityanisiweyo zePDC ezinzima kakhulu zokusika ngokucokisekileyo, ukufezekisa ukujika. endaweni yokusila. Ngokusetyenziswa kweizixhobo ezinzima kakhulu, ezinye iikhonsepthi ezintsha ziye zavela kwintsimi yobuchwephesha, njengokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zePDC, isantya sokunciphisa umda asisesona sixhobo kodwa isixhobo somatshini, kwaye xa isantya sokuguqula sidlula isantya esithile, i-workpiece kunye nesixhobo hayi ubushushu. Iimpembelelo zezi ngqiqo zinzulu kwaye zinika ithemba elingasikelwanga mda kwishishini lomatshini lanamhlanje.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-02-2022
